Sweden: Facts & Stats

ECONOMY

Industry:

The basic resources for industrial development are forests, iron ore, and waterpower.

Forest products, machinery, and motor vehicles are primary exports.

Industrial production accounted for 29% of GDP in 2001.

From 1990 to 1992, Swedish industry suffered as a result of the deep national recession as well as an overpriced labor pool. In those years, manufacturing output fell by 10%.

Between 1989 and 1992, 260,000 Swedes lost their jobs in the manufacturing sector. As the economy has rebounded in recent years, however, especially the growth turnaround in 1994– 96, industrial output has grown.

In 1996, it was up 17% from 1990. Between 1993 and 1996, industrial investments more than doubled. Industrial growth remained a solid 4.5% in 2001.

Agriculture:

Only about 2% of Sweden's labor force earned their living in agriculture in 1999, compared with more than 50% at the beginning of the 20th century and about 20% in 1950. Production exceeds domestic consumption; however, a considerable amount of food is imported.

About 6.8% of the land area of Sweden, or 2,790,000 hectares (6,894,100 acres), is classed as land cultivated with permanent or temporary crops. In 2000 there were 76,798 holdings with more than two hectares (five acres) of arable land. Farm holdings are intensively tilled; fertilizers are used heavily and mechanization is increasing.

During 1980–90, the agricultural sector grew by an annual average of 1.5%. However, during 1990–2000, it remained essentially unchanged.

Research & Development:

The total R&D expenditure amounted to SEK 110 billion in 2007. The yearly expenditures during the period 1997-2007 have varied. In 1997 the expenditure on R&D equalled SEK 78 billion, increasing to EK 106 billion in 2001, in constant prices (adjusted for inflation using GDP deflators). After 2001 the expenditure on R&D decreased until 2005, when the expenditure on R&D amounted to SEK 94 billion, measured in constant prices. The Swedish R&D statistics has enlarged over the period 1997-2007 which affects the comparability between years.

The R&D that is performed in Sweden is to two thirds financed privately. In 2007 the R&D financed privately amounted to SEK 75 billion, which is an increase with SEK 7.6 billion, measured in current prices, compared to 2005. Public financing amounted to 24 per cent of the total R&D funding in Sweden, the same share as in 2005. The share of financing from abroad was 9 per cent. The share of financing from abroad has increased since the beginning of the 1990s when its share was around 1.5 per cent. The main bulk of the financing from abroad, 77 per cent, comes from foreign enterprises.

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